Organizations Become More Global

To some the word â€Å"Globalization† may seem a clichà ©. To others, it may appear an end in itself. Competitive pressures are creating the need for most companies to become Global.Globalization is one means for  becoming and remaining a world-class competitor — a goal encased in the mission statements of most corporations.When developing a globalization strategy, it is clear that the emerging markets present the greatest opportunity. The growth projections for Europe, Japan and the United States pale in comparison to some of the emerging markets.Emerging MarketsThroughout the emerging markets an unprecedented consumer market boom is driving up demand for western-style goods and services. The largest segment of consumers in these markets is a decade short of its peak spending years. In India alone, sales of consumer goods are rising at 14% per year, while China is growing at almost 20% per year. Couple the consumer-spending boom with the still burgeoning need for in frastructure improvements and you’ll have a range of opportunities that extends into the trillions of dollars. Projects are planned or underway in many of these countries to upgrade transportation and  telecommunication systems, explore energy resources, build power generation facilities and provide health care facilities.In addition, the privatization efforts are presenting an incredible range of opportunities for investors, lending institutions, service providers and manufacturers.Four key trend influence emerging market potentialThere are four key trends that are influencing the emerging market potential:1. Demographics: Overall world population growth is now concentrated in the  developing world. Where industrial nations are facing an  increasingly older population, the emerging markets remain  young. The developed world comprises only 11% of the world’s population.2. Governments: Many countries that once relied on centrally planned economies are becoming m arket-driven. Industries that governments  previously restricted to foreign companies are now opening to foreign investment.3. Communications: Access to the emerging markets is increasing due to huge  developments in communications technology such as the Internet and electronic commerce. Cyberspace represents a profound shift in the nature of communications as well as our perception of distance.4. Urbanization: As infrastructure improvements are made, urban growth in the emerging markets will continue to explode.  Estimates indicate that the emerging markets' share of world imports will double by the year 2010, rising to over 38%. Companies dazzled by the magnitude of these numbers must be equipped with the appropriate knowledge, information, and strategy to make its market forays successful.MACRO LEVEL Industry Globalization is due to such factors as :†¢ Level of international trade †¢ Intensity of international competition †¢ Worldwide product standardization †¢ Presence of key competitors in all key international markets. †¢ Intra-firm trade †¢ Technological intensity †¢ International linkages of value-added activities among countries †¢International integration of value-added activities among countries †¢ WORLDWIDE FREETRADE AGREEMENTS †¢ WORLDWIDE ECONOMIC REFORMS †¢ WORLWIDE FINANCIAL REFORMS †¢ REMOVAL TARIFF BARRIERS BY COUNTRIES †¢ REMOVAL OF SUBSIDIES COUNTRIES †¢ ETC ETC ====================================================THE PUSH FACTORS OF GLOBALIZATIONMarket Drivers†¢ Per capita income converging among industrial nations †¢ Convergence of lifestyles and taste †¢ Growth of global and regional channels †¢ Establishment of world brands †¢ Spread of global and regional mediaCost Drivers†¢ Continuing push for economies of scale ( but offset by flexible manufacturing) †¢ Accelerating technological innovation †¢ Advances in transportation (e.g., use of FedEx to deliver urgent supplies from one continent to another) †¢ Emergence of newly industrializing countries with productive capability and low labor costs (e.g., China, India and Indonesia)

Political Typologies Essay

Liberal   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The political typology quiz categorized me under the liberal typology group. The liberal typology group belongs support the ideologies of Democrats. It is also the largest group among the nine typology groups. According to the quiz, the liberal group is open to several controversial issues that are the main themes and topics of debates and arguments. These issues include homosexuality, abortion, euthanasia, etc. A most recent controversial social issue involves stem cell research. However, even if the liberal typology group is part of the Democratic Party, it still has distinct values apart from other groups that also belong to the same party. One that is particular to the liberal group is their stand on war. The liberal group is supportive of diplomacy as a means of promoting peace with other countries. Liberalist groups do not believe that war is the answer to conflicts and disagreements. In addition to this, the group does not support anti-terrorist laws, specifically the Patriot Act, that the U.S. government is implementing. Other issues include espousing same sex marriages and advocating the protection and the preservation of the environment. Moreover, the group is also sympathetic to the concerns of immigrants and labor unions. I agree with the results of the quiz because as I was reading the ideologies of the liberal group, I find myself agreeing to them. I do not believe in war, and I do not want to support it. I think wars just cause more wars. Instead of resolving issues, it makes it even more complicated. A lot of innocent lives have been lost just because of simple disagreements that the higher-ups should resolve by talking in peace, compromising, and deciding what is best for the country and other countries as well. I also respect other people in that I believe they have a choice whether to engage in same sex marriages, abortion, support stem cell research, adhere to any religious doctrine or not, etc. I think everyone has the right to decide for themselves and choose whatever it is that they want to do in life, well, as long as they do not do harm to others or the environment. That is a different case. In addition, the issue about labor unions and immigrants is also something that I agree with. There is no competition when it comes to immigrants and employment. They were qualified to work in the country; therefore, there should be no question whether they do harm or good to the economy. Moreover, the rights and concerns of labor unions should be addressed. I think large businesses should pay attention to them and practice humanitarianism in the sense that they should think more of the people who work for them than the money that they earn because of them. Works Cited The Pew Research Center for the People and the Press. (2008). â€Å"Liberal.† Retrieved from The Pew Research Center for the People and the Press. 28 March 2008. .

Is the Financial Crisis caused by inefficient financial data management or financial models or both? Essay

This question is posed at the conclusion of â€Å"As Securities Become More Complex Is Financial Data Management Becoming More Complex?† by Jeffrey Rooney.   This paper discusses OTC derivatives as an example of how the financial crisis escalated and Enterprise Data Management (EDM) as a financial data model that offers a solution to data problems faced by the industry. Based on Rooney’s presentation the financial crisis is a symptom of inefficient financial data management which is the result of intentional   use of poor financial models coupled with the intentional misuse of financial models. Poor financial data management has a cultural and technological basis.   The cultural component is the Chinese wall or siloed business unit structure which facilitates and operates on the intentional misuse of financial models for the purpose of preserving the identity and autonomy of independent business units.   The technological component includes other issues such as merger activities and â€Å"disparate legacy systems† (Rooney 2009, p.2)   which results in either use of poor financial models or provides no framework for effective financial models at all. The IBM-World Bank currency swap was structured with the goal of avoiding highly regulated capital markets and regulation by affected countries.   This was a $290 million transaction which paved the way for the creation of the now $700 trillion OTC derivative market.   (Rooney 2009, p.3) As a result of these inefficiencies a financial crisis has occurred in multiple sectors of the financial markets. The financial crisis is the result of the systematic use of poof financial models and inefficient data management strategies built around the primary goal of expanding the derivative market.  Ã‚   Avoiding regulation and   hiding the complexity of derivative transactions is a primary goal of, resulting in, the inefficient financial data management and financial models. Bibliography Rooney, J.   (Spring 2009) As Securities Become More Complex Is Financial Data Management Becoming More Complex?   FinTech Project. Polytechnic Institute of NYU Finance and Risk Engineering.

Wassily Kandinsky and Surrealism Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Wassily Kandinsky and Surrealism - Assignment Example The paper "Wassily Kandinsky and Surrealism" explores the art of Wassily Kandinsky. Despite his interest in art, he pursued law and economics as suggested by his parents. As a well-educated man, he chose to pursue Art and experiment with his obsession for colors. This paper will discuss how Kandinsky developed a unique style and explored abstract art as well as highlight some of the artists that he influenced. Worth noting is the fact that the painting was a spiritual thing for Kandinsky and he intended to use it to convey different levels of human emotions. He sought to use abstract forms and colors to explore different cultures and physical boundaries. In his view, abstract art was of critical importance in the expression of inner necessity. Kandinsky associated musical sounds with the potential to evoke different emotions in listeners. Therefore, he wanted to develop an art that could trigger similar emotions to his audience. He wanted to develop object-free art that had a spiritu al connection and a direct allusion to different emotions. Worth noting is the fact that his ability to create object free paintings with a strong allusion to different human emotions defined his unique style. Kandinsky had his first experience of object-free art in an exhibition that he attended and developed a close in this form of art. Kandinsky worked closely with other artists, who influenced him in different ways. For example, one of his close friends was Paul Klee with whom he shared artistic ideas.

Econs Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Econs - Assignment Example This is due to stagnancyin the market space and increase in potential purchasing stores. The number of customers will remain constant while the number of stores increases resorting to increased competition among the traders. The profit obtained by the craft brewing industry will tend to reduce. This is because the store owners will tend to lower their prices to attract more customers and in turn lower their turnover. Most of the turnover will be divided among the different grocery store shelves. First, the breweries can manufacture different sized bottles. This will make the customers have a wide range of drinks which suite their needs at specific times. Secondly, the craft breweries could manufacture drinks available in different forms like powdered and liquid. This is because some customers may intend to purchase for use at that specified time or for a later use. When manufactured in powdered form, it can easily be store for future use by the customer. This will help target all customers and differentiate the craft breweries. Thirdly, the craft breweries could manufacture brands of different flavors. This would help break the usual sequence of a specified drink in the market and increase the sales as consumers will tend to try the new flavors. This would in turn help differentiate the craft breweries from each

Astor Piazzolla Histoire du Tango Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Astor Piazzolla Histoire du Tango - Essay Example As with tango music, Astor Piazzolla's life was also filled with many changes and deviations that eventually helped him discover his true style and identity in the field of music. Piazzolla was born on March 11, 1921 to an Italian family in Mar del Plata, Argentina. His family moved to New York, and it was there that he first discovered his love for music. When his father gave him a bandoneon, he began to explore his musical talents that would have to undergo many changes and evolutions before he would come to realize the true directions in his music career. While growing up in New York, Piazzolla learned to appreciate classical music as he studied piano with Bela Wilda, a disciple of Rachmaninov (Pessinis and Kurl). During that same time, he met with the tango legend, Carlos Gardel, who became a good friend to him. When the family then decided to move to Argentina in 1936, Piazzolla started to play with some orchestras. Whereas he learned to appreciate the music of Bach while studying with Bela Wilda, he began to embrace tango as a musical style when he lived in Argentina. He was particularly impressed with the Elvino Vardaro's alternative style of rendering tango pieces (Pessinis and Kurl). ... Piazzolla continued to develop his skills and talent music. In 1944, he formed his own orchestra, which brought to the public a more vibrant form of tango music, more daring and dynamic (Pessinis and Kurl). This sparked the first controversies in Piazzolla's career. The orchestra was disbanded eventually in 1949, and the musician decided to take a different path musically. He thought that it was better for him to pursue classical music instead. Even as he did that, Piazzolla also listened to a lot of jazz music. In his quest to find his own style, Piazzolla decided to stay away from tango music. In the early 1950s, Piazzolla created music pieces that very much deviated from the traditional tango music during that time. He won the first prize for the Fabien Sevitzky competition with his "Buenos Aires" symphony, which caused strong reactions from some of the listeners who thought that the music was an abomination of classical music, when he incorporated the bandoneon in the symphony. As part of the prize, he was privileged to study under the legendary educator, Nadia Boulanger, who played a huge role in Piazzolla's discovery of his own style. Because of his decision to stay away from tango and pursue classical music, Piazzolla did not reveal his past musical experience to his teacher. Eventually, Boulanger found out the true style of Piazzolla and encouraged him to follow his own direction. Boulanger was quoted as saying to Piazzolla, in reference to his rendition of his tango Triunfal, "your classical pieces are well written, but the true Piazzolla is here, never leave it behind" (Pessinis and Kurl). His teacher's encouragements became the driving force for him to compose

Fashion Business and Family Dynasties Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Fashion Business and Family Dynasties - Essay Example The essay "Fashion Business and Family Dynasties" discovers the business and families of Hermes and Louis Vuitton. Hermes has been associated with the most wonderful luxury brands and is related to the category of women’s handbags, perfumes and jewelries. Hermes is one of the oldest firms in France that has been owned and managed by the family of Hermes. Thierry Hermes is the founder of the Hermes Group. Until 2004, the business of Hermes had been controlled and managed by the family members of Hermes. The family owned group had controlled the family stake and had shown efficient leadership to retain control over the strategic decision of the business within the family. During the period of 1978 to 2004, the Hermes Group was managed under the leadership of Jean-Louis Dumas who was the great-grandson of Hermes. In the year 2006, Jean-Louis Dumas had passed away and Patrick Thomas became the manager in Hermes. He was the ‘first non-family manager’ in Hermes in their entire history of business operations. Patrick Thomas became the first CEO of Hermes but the control was with the family members of Hermes and they retained the control to maintain the family heritage of the business. Hermes is basically known as the bag and scarf maker. They have by no means aggressively pursued any kind off strategy to develop as a luxury conglomerate and constantly remained strong in their individual space of operations. Louis Vuitton is a French based company that deals with fashionable merchandizes. ... family members of Hermes and they retained the control to maintain the family heritage of the business (Bhalla, â€Å"Disintegrating Family Firm: How Well Are You Prepared For the Ultimate†). Hermes is basically known as the bag and scarf maker. They have by no means aggressively pursued any kind off strategy to develop as a luxury conglomerate and constantly remained strong in their individual space of operations (Elite Choice, â€Å"Louis Vuitton Claims to be a Long Term Shareholder of Hermes, Raises Stake to 20%†). Louis Vuitton (Family & Business) Louis Vuitton is a French based company that deals with fashionable merchandizes. Louis Vuitton was established by the founder Louis Vuitton in the year 1854. It deals in the luxury merchandizes (Louis Vuitton, â€Å"About Us†). The Louis Vuitton brand had been famous for its LV logo that features upon most of the merchandizes of Louis Vuitton ranging from luxury chests and leather merchandize to shoes, ready-to-wea r merchandizes, accessories, books, sunglasses, watches and jewellery. Louis Vuitton is known as the leading fashion house in the international market. The merchandizes of Louis Vuitton are sold through the model of standalone boutiques, e-commerce application and lease departments that are departmental stores which represent high-end values (Louis Vuitton. â€Å"The World of Louis Vuitton†). Louis Vuitton and family have managed their entire business in the world. They started in Paris and slowly gained acceptance due to their skillful work. Louis Vuitton had developed the brand uniquely as there was duplication of the products especially in the leather bags category for travelers. After the demise of Louis Vuitton, his son Georges Vuitton controlled the business and managed all its activities. Georges Vuitton

Policemen of the World Thesis Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Policemen of the World - Thesis Example The dollar-standard system of exchange further strengthened America’s economy, hence its rise to a world superpower. Instances of America’s Military Operations Abroad and justification. America’s foreign policies are fundamental in keeping world peace and interventions since the end of the second war. America has a vital role in resolving conflicts among nations. The country’s foreign policies grant Congress and the president power to undertake military operations abroad, either to combat global terror attacks or promote peaceful co-existence among warring nations. a) America’s military operations in Iraq in 2014President Obama, on August 8, 2014, authorized a military operation to be undertaken in Iraq. The operation involved targeted airstrikes on target areas. The mission of America’s military intervention was to suppress emerging Islamist militants in the area. Airstrikes targeted areas dominated by Islamist militants in Iraq. Areas such as the Persian Gulf were of interest and target for intelligence missions conducted by US military. President Obama’s decision conformed to the country’s foreign policy provisions of preventing international terror attacks. b) The effort to end global terrorism The American military operations target perpetrators and planners of terrorism as a measure to fight the emergence of militant groups in identified areas, regions, or nations. In 2011, the U. S. military through its intelligence operations in Yemen killed Anwar al-Awlaki.

OP-ED articles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

OP-ED articles - Essay Example The USA president Obama has said that he will look to build consensus in the international community before intervening in Syria (Nicholas and Adam). This necessary means that all major western powers such as Russia , France and UK need to agree on the need for intervention. However whenever USA is asked to send its military to a foreign land in order to ‘liberate’ the people of the country, the voices of those who matter the most are never heard. In this article I will try to bring the spotlight on these voices – the average citizen of USA who pays for the military intervention, the soldier who has to lay down his life and the people of the country who are being ‘liberated’. ... So much amount of public money going down the drain is downright criminal when Congress is telling us that it does not have any money to spend on health, education and social security. How do the citizens of USA benefit by sponsoring these wars in distant foreign lands? What do we gain? No one has ever asked this question. It is time to do so. I think it should be made mandatory for a referendum to be held for intervening in wars which do not belong to us. The decision to bring democracy to distant lands should be a democratic one. If the people vote a yes in the referendum, then the President should be free to intervene in Syria. The people may make a wrong decision but at least it will be their decision, not the decision of NATO or a war hungry president. If we are paying for these wars, it is the USA soldiers who are dying in these wars.2220 USA soldiers have laid down their lives in Afghanistan (Icasualties.org.) and 4488 young soldiers have been killed in the Iraqi war (Antiwar. com.).As so many of them lay down their lives, it is just that they also have say in which wars to fight and which ones to avoid. Some people may say that as soldiers they have no right to have a say, it is the prerogative of the elected legislature. I agree that it is the prerogative of the legislature and the President of USA to declare wars; and I also agree that soldiers when they join the army agree to serve our nation without any question. But we have made an army to defend our country and fight our wars; not to liberate Syria or Libya. An army man will be more than happy to lay down his life for his motherland but why should he kill himself for people he has never met and who mean nothing to him. The death of our soldiers when there is no threat

Tourism Trend Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Tourism Trend - Research Paper Example However, in recent years, Florida has been able to develop a novel niche in tourism business called Cruise Tourism. The paper focuses on this new upcoming tourism trend that is making rapid progress in Florida now. In recent years, Florida has become a major tourist destination for variety of reasons. Florida theme parks such as Busch Gardens at Tampa Bay, Magic Kingdom, SeaWorld and Typhoon Lagoon at Orlando, Epcot in Disney World offers a unique experience to the tourists. Most of the tourists make a dedicated visit to some of the theme parks in Florida. Sun shines in Tampa Bay, for almost 360 days in a year, lures tourists to come over there. Tampas only water park, Adventure Island spread in 30 acres also supplements tourists’ experiences that they never want to forget (Henthorn, 2014). It is widely known that the US economy suffered immensely due to financial crisis during 2008-2009; accordingly, American spending on leisure travel also declined. In view of the depressed economic scenario, the tourism industry had to extend Cruise tourism is going to be a future trend in Florida as disposable incomes of the people increases. As per Satchell (2013), Florida is the only state that has some of the busiest cruise ports that include Port Everglades, PortMiami, and Port Canaveral. These three ports in Florida generate around 36 percent of the total $19.6 billion business estimated nationwide. It is important to note that in 2012 almost 60% of the cruise tourists began their voyage from Florida registering a 2.6 percent increase over 2011. In 2011, 13.5 million passengers took advantage of cruise ship vacation. Port Miami and Port Everglades have become top cruise ship organizing port in Florida. Port Everglades can boast of having the worlds largest cruise ship – a 225,000-ton Royal Caribbean mega ship called the Oasis of

Philosophy of Morality by David Hume Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Philosophy of Morality by David Hume - Essay Example The present research has identified that according to Hume, we naturally approve of actions and qualities which we find either immediately agreeable or useful. Wit and eloquence are examples of the former; industry and honesty are examples of the latter. Although these sentiments of approbation and blame arise internally; they are by no means primarily self-centered or relative to each individual. Hume avoids these pitfalls by suggesting that human beings possess a general feeling of sympathy. Not to be confused with universal benevolence or generosity, sympathy allows us to share in the happiness and misery of those around us. Hume contends that the "minds of all men are not similar in their feelings and operations, nor can anyone be actuated by any affection, of which all others are not, in some degree, susceptible. As in strings equally wound up, the motion of one communicates itself to the rest; so all the affections readily pass from one person to another, and beget corresponden t movements in every human creature". In his more mature writings, Hume describes this sympathetic impulse as a sentiment of humanity. He points out that the very notion of morals implies some "sentiment common to all mankind, which recommends the same object to general approbation, and makes every man, or most men, agree in the same opinion or decision concerning it. It also implies some sentiment, so universal and comprehensive as to extend to all mankind and render the actions and conduct, even of the persons the most remote, an object of applause or censure, according to as they agree or disagree with that rule of right which is established. Without this ability to appeal to common sentiment, to recognize the fundamental likeness of human beings, man would be nothing but a "fancied monster," indifferent to others and totally incapable of making regular moral judgments. It is this sympathetic impulse, this shared sentiment of humanity that serves as the foundation of all moral co ncord. Although the sentiment of humanity is "kneaded into our frame" and diffused so widely that "no man is absolutely indifferent to the happiness and misery of others", Hume is well aware that human beings do not live in conditions of universal benevolence and amity. His History of England is filled with examples of callousness, cruelty, and moral confusion. However, Hume avoids this apparent contradiction by suggesting that our sentiment of humanity is frighteningly fragile and can be perverted by external factors. Although the most prevalent and powerful of these factors is religion, it would be a serious mistake to conclude that Hume considers all forms of religion morally destructive. While some religions--those described by Hume as superstitious or enthusiastic--tend to undermine the common sentiment of humanity, Hume recognizes that religion is sometimes capable of promoting our recognition of similitude and bolstering the fragile moral sense. It is the latter species of re ligion that Hume recommends for the public establishment.

American Indian Education Essay Example for Free

American Indian Education Essay In this article the author argues that the American government should provide the Indian society the opportunity to create their own institution, for further education. He believes the American culture is being forced upon Indian society through education. Arthur C Parker believes in further education, as he himself is a no graduate from Dickinson Seminary. In his experience, Indian Students are being taught to assimilate to common American culture, while disregarding there own family tree. He states that by placing an Indian University, students would be granted the opportunity to further there education, as well as, the opportunity to embrace there own culture. Based upon Indian culture, Indians will be able to expand there education at a superior level, while never being forced to be similar to the white race. The American Indian wouldn’t be no less than an American, now be treated any differently, but he believed that the Indian had the opportunity to be granted the same education. Furthermore, he feels like no other Indian should be left out of the proper education they deserve. In conclusion, Arthur C. Parker strongly stands up for his believes, and does bend his head in shame, he is proud to be and Indian. Considering the time frame, 1913, where America is a developing nation of many cultures, the brining of a single race institution would cause a big controversy. America is known as the â€Å"Melting Pot†, where there is a variety of different cultures. To one, this article will seem to be talking back to American society. Parker has a strong believe and feels like this will improve the Indians education. I believe that he is so passionate for the American Indian University because he did not have the opportunity to complete his education, probably because he didn’t feel comfortable in his learning environment. In my perspective, this article is important, but nothing extraordinary from modern days, this issue continues with other races. The opportunity to have a single race intuition would’ve meant that every single race would have that same right, one has to be accustomed to what America is, as of today, a mixture of many cultures and beliefs. In my opinion, any student who believes, and want a higher education, will do so in any environment they are in.

Challenges of Culture in Multinational Companies

Challenges of Culture in Multinational Companies As business becomes more global and the workforce ever diverse , the issue of culture becomes increasingly important for leaders and managers and their organisations.(Fons Trompenaars and peter [emailprotected] pg 3).In the present context of global business multinational companies are increasingly grappling with many challenges that arise mainly due to phenomenon of cultural complexity specially in situations where merger and acquisition, franchising ,takeovers and various other business reformation takes place. This phenomena specially call for establishment of sound system of human resource management which along with organisation culture is considered to be important requirement for modern management in such companies. The proposed study makes an attempt to investigate how the organisation culture of a multinational company gets transferred to a country other than its own with different national identity by the form of local human resource management. 2.1 Culture and nation: There are numerous definitions of culture that have been produced over the years. In search for an appropriate definition ,it would appear that there are many facets, with emphasis shifting according to the individual author.(Goffee and jones,1998).Moreover culture is impalpable, making definitions hard to relate .(Schein,1985;Goffee and jones,1998).However, reviewing a number of definitions does lead to the identification of common thread in thinking. Formal writing focused on the organisation culture concept began with Pettigrew(1979),He was the one who initiated the concept of culture which is primarily appertaine to anthrpology and bought it to the related concept such as symbolism, rituals, and myth can be put into use in the context of organisational analysis. It has been demonstrated by Dandridge(1980) how the study of myths as well as symbols help in exhibiting the profound structure that an organisation has. More researchers conducted recently including Denison and mishra(19 95),schein(1985),sieh and martin(1988,1990) and Wallach(1983) have given numerous definitions to the concept of culture. such a host of research difinitions can be assigned to varied research framework which different authors have adopted. According to Hofstede culture is viewed as software of the mind-collective programming of the mind which distinguishes the members of one group of people from another.(Hofstede book pg 5).Schein (1985) defines culture as the deeper level of basic assumptions and beliefs that are shared by members of an organisation ,that operates unconsciously, and that define a basic taken for granted fashion in an organisations view of itself and its environment. [chris Brewster,pg14]. According to Tayeb (2003,p.10) culture involves historically evolved values, attitudes and meanings that are learned and shared by the members of a community and which influence their material and non-material way of life. Trompenaars and hampden-turner (1997) also gave prominence to shared meanings within a society, arguing that culture comprised not only agreed ways of living but also the ways in which a cultural group attributes meaning to their world that is how they make sense of it.[ray French page 16].According to dennis r.Briscoe and randall s.schuler, culture is the characteristic way of behaving and believing that a group of people in a country or region(or firm) have evolved over time and share.[ dennis r.Briscoe and randall s.schuler,pg116] A more long standing definition by hall(1959) suggests that culture is the pattern of taken for granted assumptions about how a given collection of people should think ,act, and feel as they go about their daily affairs(Hall,1959).While there are many other definitions of culture ,most commonly ,it is colloquially described as the ways things are done around here(Schein,1985;deal and kennedy:1988;Goffee and jones:1988).Although different in content,the parallel between these definitions is that culture is a collective way of perceiving things and behaving due to the sharing of an social environment. (Malcolm higgs and sally morton).Since 1990s there has been an increasing recognition of the difference that people can make to an organisations effectiveness and performance.(Ullrich,1997;IPD 2000). Organisational culture has become a important topic ,as it is seen to be underpinning, intangible infrastructure which influences how people behave at work.(Schien,1985;Goffee and jones,1998).There may be more and more companies globalise ,they may be configuring structures and systems for greater integration.(Collins and porras1997;Trompenaars and woollians,1999).Achieving commitment to a global strategy through an effective organisational culture is attractive, particularly for those operating in a highly competitive marketplace.(Goffee and jones,1998).The complexities of culture make it difficult for managers to understand and manage.(Schein,1985:Goffee and jones,1998).This is further compounded by the often confusing cross-cultural interactions required of those working in a multi-cultural setting, and invariably leads to misunderstandings.(Hofstede,1991;Garrison,1998).But if the culture is an powerful as we are supposed to believe ,then the benefits may be enormous.(Garrison,199 8;Hall,1990;Sparrow,1994).Therefore sometimes it is vital that businesses understand what influences organisational culture to help determine how best it should be configured and nurtured to support the business.( Schein,1985;Hall,1990;Sparrow,1994). Hofstede (1991) had used four terms to describe the way cultural differences manifest themselves they are symbols, rituals, heroes and values. He illustrates this is the form of onion with symbols representing the most superficial layer and values being the deepest manifestations of culture. [Hilary harris.p16-17] http://home.mnet-online.de/wendland/publications/img/oniondiagram.png Hofstede 1991 Trompenaars (1995) model of culture is almost identical to scheins model of 1985.Both model refer to culture as being multi-layered using the terms like artefacts and products for the more visible outer layer, norms and values and basic assumptions at the centre. Hofstede(1991) identified three levels of uniqueness in human mental programming such as human nature, culture and personality. Hofstede asserts that culture is something that is learned ,not inherited and that it derives from ones social environment ,not from ones genes unlike human nature which is universal and inherited ,and personality which is specific to individuals and is a mix of both inherited and learned. Schien(1985) also takes the same view that culture is learned through a group experience. Culture is multi-dimensional and therefore manifests itself in many ways. Schneider and barsoux(1997) refer to industry ;profession; national ;religion; functional and company as the interacting cultural spheres of influences. For the purpose of this literature, the main emphasis is on company culture, also referred as corporate or organisational culture. However, as an international company is being considered the impact of national culture cannot be ignored, particularly in the dyna mic and global market -place of todays business environment.(Hofstede,1991;Barnham and oates,1991;joynt,1999). The various definition of culture are also influenced by an authors particular field of study within the social sciences(Hall,1976).As culture is about perceptions and behaviours in groups, the study of culture is mainly had its roots in sociology, psychology and anthropology. The influence of economics, politics and religion are also considered to be key influencing factors that Garrison(1998) describes as the culture bedrock. The commonality between differing perspectives on culture is that there are value systems involved within groups in all of these types of social sciences-members of such groups each live by a set of common values and beliefs and system of meaning. (Malcolm higgs and sally morton).The culture of a country has been recognised for long as a major characteristic appertained to environment underlying behavioural differences in a systematic was norm as wel l as beliefs related to culture serve as powerful forces determining the perceptions ,behaviours and depositions of people.(Markus and kitayama,1991).culture gets reflection in common tendencies regarding enduring preference for specific state of affair over others,enduring preferences for certain social processes over others, an rules for selective attention ,interpretation of environment cues, as well as responses.(steenkamp,2001) There are several focus on national culture. some of them may be merely for the society, others for many ,if not all the societies at the same time. The present study aims to focus on those cultural dimensions that are several societies .Earlier, research on cross-cultural aspects was occasionally considered to be not painstaking since healthy, theory based frameworks of national culture had no existence. Valid fundamental frameworks depicting aspects of variation in national culture are of crucial significant in evolving a nomological structure able to integrate various attitudinal as well as behavioural phenomena offering a strong national advancing hypotheses which expatiate on systematic variation between various cultures in attitudinal and behavioural times.(Smith,1996.steenkamp,2001) References for 2.1 TROMPENAARS,F .AND WOLLIAMS,P.2003.BUSINESS ACROSS CULTURES.ENGLAND:CAPSTONE PUBLISHING LTD. GOFFEE,R.AND JONES,G.1998.THE CHARACTER OF A CORPORATION.LONDON HARPER COLLINS. SCHEIN,E.1985.ORGANISATIONAL CULTURE AND LEADRERSHIP.BOSTON:JOSSEY-BASS BREWSTER,C.SPARROW,P.VERNON.G.2008.INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT.2ND EDITION.LONDON:CHARTERED INSTITUTE OF PERSONNEL AND DEVELOPMENT SPARROW,P.BREWSTER,C.HARRIS,H.2004.GLOBALIZING HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT.LONDON:ROUTLEDGE. BRISCOE,D.SCHULER,R.1995.INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT. 2ND EDITION.NEW YORK:PRENTICE HALL. HALL,E.1959.THE SILENT LANGUAGE.NEW YORK:ANCHOR PRESS. DEAL,T.AND KENNEDY,A.1998.CORPORATE CULTURES.THE RITES AND RITUALS OF CORPORATE LIFE.MIDDLESEX:PENGUIN BOOKS. ULLRICH,D.1997HR OF THE FUTURE:CONCLUSIONS AND OBSERVATIONS:HR MANAGEMENT,36(1),PP 175-179 IPD.2000HR AND THE BOTTOM LINE.LONDON:IPD COLLINS,J.AND PORRAS,J.1999.BUILT TO LAST.LONDON:RANDOM HOUSE TROMPENAARS,F.AND WOOLLIAMS,P.1999.TRANS-CULTURAL COMPETENCE.PEOPLE MANAGEMENT,VOL.5,NO.8,PP.30-37 HOFSTEDE,G.1991.CULTURES AND ORGANSATIONS:SOFTWARE OF THE MIND.LONDON:MCGRAW-HILL BOOK COMPANY. GARRISON,T.1998.INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS CULTURE.LONDON:ELM PUBLICATIONS. HALL,E.1990.UNDERSTANDING CULTURAL DIFFERENCES.NEW YORK:INTERCULTURAL PRESS. SPARROW,P.SCHULER,R AND JACKSON,S.1994.CONVERGENCE OR DIVERGENCE:HUMAN RESOURCES PRACTICES AND POLICIES FOR COMPETATIVE ADVANTAGE WORLDWIDE,THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT5:2,MAY 1994 SCHNEIDER,S AND BARSOUX,J.1997.MANAGING ACROSS CULTURES.LONDON:PRENTICE HALL BARHAM,K.AND OATES,D.1991.THE INTERNATIONAL MANAGER.LONDON:ECONOMIST BOOKS. JOYNT.1999.THE GLOBAL HR MANAGER.LONDON:IPD HALL,E.1976.BEYOND CULTURE.NEW YORK:ANCHOR PRESS. STEENKAMP AND JAN-DBENEDICT.E,M.2001.THE ROLE OF NATIONAL CULTURE IN INTERNATIONAL MARKETING RESEARCH.INTERNATIONAL MARKETING REVIEW,VOLUME 18,NUMBER1,PP30-44 MARKUS,H.R AND KITAYAMA,S.1991. CULTURE AND THE SELF:IMPLICATIONA FOR COGNITION,EMOTION AND MOTIVATION,PSYCHOLOGICAL REVIEW,98,2,PP224-53. DENSION,D AND MISHRA,A.1995. TOWARD A THEORY OF ORGANISATIONAL CULTURE AND EFFECTIVENESS,ORGANSIATION SCIENCE.6.2,PP204-23. PETTIGREW,A.M.1979. ON STUDYING ORGANISATIONAL CULTURES.ADMINISTRATIVE SCIENCE.QUARTERLY,24.PP570-81 SIEHL,C AND MARTIN,J.1988. MEASURING ORGANSIATION CULTURE:MIXING QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE METHODS,IN JONES, M.O,MOORE,M.D,SYNDER,R.C(EDS),INSIDE ORGANSIATIONS:UNDERSTANDING THE HUMAN DIMENSIONS.NEWBURY PARK,CA:SAGE PUBLICATIONS.pp79-103 SIEHL,C AND MARTIN,J.1990. ORGANISATIONAL CULTURE:A KEY TO FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE,IN SCHNEIDER,B (EDS),ORGANSIATIONAL CLIMATE AND CULTURE,JOSSEY,SAN FRANCISCO, CA, pp 241-81. WALLACH,E.1983. INDIVIDUALS AND ORGANSIATIONS:THE CULTURAL MATCH.TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT JOURNAL,pp29-36 DANDRIDGE,T.MITROFF,I AND JOYCE,W.1980. ORGANSIATIONAL SYMBOLISM:A TOPIC TO EXPAND ORGANSIATIONAL ANALYSIS.ACADEMY OF MANAGEMENT.REVIEW 5.pp 248-56 (Malcolm higgs and sally morton). .(Smith,1996. [Hilary harris.p16-17] Trompenaars (1995) .(Collins and porras1997; ;Goffee and jones:1988) Tayeb (2003,p.10) Trompenaars and hampden-turner (1997) .[ray French page 16]. .(Hofstede book pg 5)

Importance Of The Nile River For Egypt

Importance Of The Nile River For Egypt Water pollution is the presence of any substances in water which can be harmful for plants and animals that live in water or people who use it. In other word it is the change in the chemical or physical properties of the water and this change can lead to cause damage and health hazards to animals and plants that live inside it or organisms that use it. (1) Importance of the Nile River for Egypt The Nile River is the primary water resource in Egypt, where it represents more than 95% of the total water resources in Egypt and it is the lifeline for Egypt and there are many reasons for its importance which are: Egyptians depends on it to acquire fresh water to use it for various purposes such as drinking, cooking, cleaning and other household uses. Use it for agriculture where fertile land formed around the Nile River and they irrigated by Nile River. The Nile River is an important source of fish. It is used in water transportation because it passes from south to north Egypt. Industry in Egypt depends a lot on the waters of the Nile River. Recently after the construction of the High Dam became the Nile River is an important source for generating electricity to Egypt. (2) (1) http://www.smokefreecolorado.com/cause-for-water-pollutions/ (2) http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20090216123423AALSyKI Causes of pollution There are many sources of water pollution in Nile River. Industry Wastewater: Industry is an important user of water. In same time is an important producer of pollution. Water is very important in industry. Water demand for industry was 3.6 Billion Cubic Meters BCM/year in 2000. And they expect to be 5.5 Billion Cubic Meters BCM/year in 2017. So, when industry increases, the water demands increase.(1) Municipal Wastewater In the city, the water which used by people going down through various treatment processes to make it healthy as possible before release it back to environment. Treating water is help to minimize the negative effects of wastewater on the environment. However, some poor cities along Nile River cannot use treatment facilities which are expensive for them. The only way they can use it is dumped in the river without treated. (2) Statistics show that, all governments generate 3.5 Billion Cubic Meters BCM/year of wastewater. Of these wastewater 1.6 Billion Cubic Meters BCM/year receives treatment. In 2017, 1.7 Billion Cubic Meters BCM/year will receive treatment. Although the capacity will increase but it will not be able to covers all wastewater. As it is show in table (1) the number of people serves increase and number of people not served increase because increasing in population. (3) http://www.irgltd.com/Resources/Publications/ANE/2002-09%20Survey%20of%20Nile%20System%20Pollution%20Sources-Egypt.pdf http://sitemaker.umich.edu/sec004_gp5/pollution http://www.irgltd.com/Resources/Publications/ANE/2002-09%20Survey%20of%20Nile%20System%20Pollution%20Sources-Egypt.pdf So, it will not be able to decline the amount of wastewater that is not receiving treatment. (1) Agriculture Wastewater Agriculture is larger consumer of water. And it is in same time contributed in water pollution. Runoff from the agricultural sector frequently contains pollutants that may have an adverse effect on the river. Pollutants such as salts, nutrients like phosphorus and nitrogen, and pesticide residue can be found in this runoff. Agricultural runoff often is a à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“non-pointà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  pollutant, in that it can come from anywhere in a region, and not from a specific drain. This can make it difficult to There are also problems associated with agricultural runoff seeping into the groundwater as well. (2) Effect of population There are many effect of Nile river pollution. Some of these effects are: The presence of oil on the surface of the river works as a buffer between the sun and the plants. This leads to death of fish and Lack of food for humans. In addition, that will decrease the number of fishermen à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Many fishermen have either left their jobs altogether or migrated,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  el-Fikky said. (3) http://www.irgltd.com/Resources/Publications/ANE/2002-09%20Survey%20of%20Nile%20System%20Pollution%20Sources-Egypt.pdf http://sitemaker.umich.edu/sec004_gp5/pollution http://www.irinnews.org/Report/87416/EGYPT-River-pollution-hits-Nile-fishermen The solid waste thrown in the river hinder the movement of fishermen net and torn nets which reduces the amount of fish and increase the cost on the fishermen. Saed said he usually catches 2kg of fish a day that equal to US$165 a month, but over the past few months he has had an additional headache: his net needs replacing not every month as in the past but every few days, costing him up to $144 a month. The Nile river is source for drinking but because it polluted by human that could cause a harmful effect on human and cause a dangerous diseases. Not only for people whose drink from it but also for people who eat fish or plant from it. (1) http://www.irinnews.org/Report/87416/EGYPT-River-pollution-hits-Nile-fishermen Abstract Water pollution is a serious problem for the all world. And it is considered to be one of the most harmful problems affecting Egypt. The pollution of Nile River is increase especial in the past few decades. Although the Egyptians love the Nile River a lot and it is important for them, not only in economic terms but it has a significant meaning for them. But this did not protect it from pollution. In this report I will explain the meaning of water pollution. Then, I will take about the important of Nile River. After that, I will talk about causes of Nile River pollution which are industry wastewater, municipal wastewater and agriculture wastewater. Final, I will take about effect of Nile River pollution. Introduction Water covers more than two thirds of the Earths surface; and the rest taken up by land. When the population are increase, the demand for water sources are increase. One of these fresh water resources is Nile River. As we know water is essential for life. No organism can live without it. Water pollution is problem effect human, animals and plants. And it caused by different resource. In these report I will try to find the main causes of water pollution in Nile River and the effect of that pollution. Summary In the summary, as you see all water pollution in Nile rive and in any place in the world created by human and then he try again to solve it what he already create. I advice all people to maintain the environment. And keep the water clean. Conclusion In conclusion, I learn from these report that human create problem. Then, it is adversely affecting our life. For that, I think that the maintain of the environment is a joint operation between all members of the community. UAE University Faculty of Science Department of Biology Principles of Environmental Science Done by: Shaikha Mohammed. ID: 201003128. Instructor: Dr. Tarek Youssef.

The Clouds :: essays research papers

CLOUDS Production The setting of the Clouds requires two doors in the skene, one representing Strepsiades's house and the other, the Thinkery, both in the city of Athens. The play begins with Strepsiades and Pheidippides sleeping in their beds. Since the ancient Greek theater had no curtain, these two men in their beds had to be carried out in full view of the audience by stagehands (probably slaves) and placed in front of one of the doors of the skene representing Strepsiades's house. The audience was no doubt expected to imagine that this was an indoor scene, because it was not usual for Greeks to sleep outside. This assumption is strengthened by the fact that, since Pheidippides is sleeping under five blankets, the weather is cool, which would make it even less likely that this was intended as an outdoor scene. The method of presenting the scholarly activities that go on inside the Thinkery is by no means certain. K. J. Dover (Aristophanic Comedy, Berkeley and Los Angeles, 1972, 107) suggests two possibilities. The students could come out of the door of the skene carrying their apparatus with them, which they could leave behind when they go back inside. Another possibility is that a screen made of canvas and wood with a door, held from behind by stagehands, could conceal the students until Strepsiades asks that the door be opened. The stagehands then could remove this screen revealing the students and their equipment. When the students are ordered to go back inside, they could go through a door of the skene which then would become the door of the Thinkery for the rest of the play. One other aspect of production needs to be mentioned. Socrates first appears in the play suspended in air. The means of his suspension is undoubtedly the mechane, which in tragedy is mostly used for gods, but in comedy is used for any character who needs to fly or just be in the air. Aristophanes's Comic Portrait of Socrates Although there is something of the real Socrates1 in the character of the same name in the Clouds, it is clear that Aristophanes's depiction of Socrates in the Clouds is in good part a comic distortion. Socrates was a well-known figure in Athens who was popularly perceived as an intellectual. Aristophanes, taking advantage of this popular perception, arbitrarily places him at the head of the Thinkery, in which subjects such as rhetoric and astronomy are taught.

Analysis of the Television Show, Girlfriends Essay -- Girlfriends Medi

Analysis of the Television Show, Girlfriends The T.V show " Girlfriends" is very eye catching for young women between the ages of 16-35. It deals with girl related issues, for example: what am i going to wear on my first date, or do i look fat? These are some of the topics friends talk about. The show is based on four African American women who have been friends since early childhood, it takes place now in the present. The girls are in there mid-20's-early 30's. The characters names are Jone, Tony, Mya, and Lin. Some of the topics which they talk about include marrige, finnancial problems, legal issues, children, and fashion. Jone is a highly known attourney, Mya is Jone's secretary, Tony is a real estate agent, and Lin is a free soul. In the show Tony and Jone are having relationship problems, and Mya is envious of the new secretary that Jone has because she misses the relationship that her and Jone use to have between each other. Mya also loves the gossip in which her and Jone used to share, they share it now and then but not as frequent as they used to. Tony and her husband are having finnancial problems because her husband has gotten into a huge debt due to the fact that she is a very high matenance type of woman. Her wedding ring alone cost fifty thousand dollars, she believes that if he is poor then they cannot be together because she cannot live a poor life. After she finds out that they are very deep in debt she wants to file for a divorse. He makes her re...

The Soviet Union and Eastern Europe

The Soviet Union and Eastern Europe| | The world’s most powerful Communist country was the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, or otherwise known as the Soviet Union. It contained 15 republics that were controlled by a central government. Over time, it developed into a large industrial power that dictated all aspects of the national economy. It set levels of wages and prices, controlled the allocation of resources, and decided what would be produced and how and where goods would be distributed. The Soviet Union was corrupted after World War I.Economic recovery such as Russian industrial production had gotten passed prewar levels by forty percent. New power plants, canals, and giant factories were built. Testing of hydrogen bombs in 1953 and Sputnik 1 in 1957 enhanced the Soviet state’s reputation as a world power abroad. Soviet people did not have much, their apartment’s one room served as both a bed and living room. As the struggle for power continued, Joseph S talin, the general secretary of the Communist Party, became the master of the Soviet Union and he had a low amount of respect for Communist Party leaders.Stalin was a selfish leader and did not think people from his circle could do anything without him. He believed in a socialist government. The government issued a decree that all literary and scientific work must conform to the political needs of the state itself. As a result of this, there was increased terror. Many believed new purges were to come until Stalin died on March 5. After Stalin’s death, a man named Nikita Khrushchev came in as the chief Soviet policy maker and improved his regime. Khrushchev deleted Stalin’s ruthless policies which became known as De-Stalinization.He also loosened government control on Stalin’s literary works. Khrushchev tried to make consumer goods more popular. He also wanted to increase agricultural output by growing corn and cultivating lands that were east of the Ural Mountai ns. His attempt in increasing agriculture weakened his reputation within the party. As a result of his bad reputation and increased military spending, the Soviet economy became ruined. He was suddenly deposed in 1964. After Khrushchev fell from power, Leonid Brezhnev, who had been serving as his deputy in the party secretariat, became first secretary of the party.Under his rule the de-Stalinization campaign was highly relaxed. Previous experimental agricultural programs were abandoned and the economy began to flourish. Cold war tensions eased after the Cuban missile crisis of 1962 and there was a limited opening for cultural exchanges with the West. Competition shifted to a space and arms race. In Yugoslavia, a man by the name of Tito, also known as Josip Broz, was the leader of the Communist resistance movement. He wanted an independent Communist state in Yugoslavia. Tito refused to agree with Stalin’s demands of taking over Yugoslavia.By portraying the struggle as one of Yu goslav national freedom, Tito gained his people’s support. Tito ruled Yugoslavia up until his death in 1980. Yugoslavia was a Communist government, but not a Soviet satellite state. The Soviet Union did not allow its Eastern Europe satellites to become independent of Soviet control, especially in Czechoslovakia, Poland, and Hungary. Protests took place in Poland; the Polish Communist Party adopted a series of reforms in October 1956. They elected a first secretary named Wladyslaw Gomulka. He said that Poland had the right to follow its own socialist path.Poland was afraid of the Soviet armed response to his remark so they pledged to remain loyal to the Warsaw Pact. Unrest in Hungary and economic difficulties led to a revolt. What added to the rising rebellion was Imre Nagy, the Hungarian leader, declared Hungary a free nation on November 1, 1956. It also promised free elections. Three days after Nagy’s declaration, the Soviet Army attacked Budapest. 23 After this, the Soviets reestablished control over the country. Nagy was then seized by the Soviet military and executed two years later. 24Alexander Dubcek was elected first secretary of the Communist party. 25 He introduced freedom of speech and press of freedom to travel abroad. He relaxed censorship, began to pursue an independent foreign policy, and promised a gradual democratization of the Czechoslovakia political system. 26 He wanted to create â€Å"socialism with a human face. †27 All the happiness of the people was ended when the Soviet Army invaded Czechoslovakia in August 1968 28 and crushed the reform movement. Gustav Husak replaced Dubcek, did not follow his reforms, and reestablished the old order. 28In that same year of 1968 a movement for liberal reforms gained widespread support in Czechoslovakia. 29 When the Czech government seemed to be moving away from the Soviet-style rule, the Soviet Union reacted by sending troops into Czechoslovakia in August to ensure the removal of Czech leaders. 30 After this invasion, the Soviets developed the â€Å"Brezhnev doctrine,†31 a policy that called for Soviet intervention to stop any developments that may disrupt the Communist order in Eastern Europe. 32 Political and economic patterns remained constant and still into the 1980s.An invasion of Afghanistan to help a puppet regime broke down into guerrilla warfare. 33 In most cases the Soviets were cautious international players dodging any direct military interventions. Workers and youth began to react to their strict control and lack of consumer goods. High alcoholism increased death rates and lowered production. A growing economic crisis beginning in the mid-1980s forced major political change. 34 Efforts at reform were matched by developments in Eastern Europe that ended the Russian empire.The initial cause was a deteriorating economy hampered by the costs of rivalry with the United States. By the 1980s the economy was grinding to a halt. Forced industriali zation had caused extensive environmental disaster throughout eastern Europe. Related diseases impaired optimism and economic performance. Infant mortality rates increased highly. Industrial production slowed and economic growth stopped, but one-third of national income continued to go to military production. 35 Younger leaders recognized that the system might very well collapse. In 1985 Mikhail Gorbachev introduced reforms. 6 He urged nuclear reduction and negotiated with the United States a limitation of medium-range missiles in Europe. The war in Afghanistan was ended by Soviet withdrawal. Internally Gorbachev proclaimed the freedom to comment and criticize. He commended use of market incentives and less use of administrative controls. But strong limits on political freedom remained and the centralized planning apparatus resisted reform. Gorbachev's policies partly reflected ambivalence about the West as he reduced isolation but still criticized Western values. He wanted reform, not abandonment of basic communist controls.The keynote to reform was perestroika, or economic restructuring. 37 This meant more private ownership and decentralized control of aspects of the economy. Foreign investment was encouraged and military expenditures were reduced to free resources for consumer goods. In 1988 a new constitution gave considerable power to a parliament and abolished the communist monopoly of elections. Gorbachev was elected to a new and powerful presidency in 1990 as people argued for or against reform. 38 By the end of 1991 the Soviet Union had been replaced by a loose union of republics. 9 Gorbachev was dissatisfied so he decided to resign and was replaced by an elected president, Boris Yeltsin. 40 The Communist party was dissolved. Continuing uncertainty showed in 1993 when Yeltsin clashed with the parliament. 41 Yeltsin and the army triumphed and elections followed to produce another constitution. In the midst of continuing political confusion two trends p redominated: the economy was weak and there was a breakdown of values and discipline. 42 Crime flourished and growing economic class divisions threatened stability.The economic and political conditions provoked the states of Eastern Europe to take advantage of the new times to seek independence and internal reform. Soviet troops were withdrawn. Bulgaria arranged free elections in 1989 43; Hungary and Poland in 1988 installed noncommunist governments and moved toward a free economy. 44 Czechoslovakia did the same in 1989. 45 Without a doubt the Soviet Union began to collapse. Ethnic and national tensions got worse dramatically during 1989 to 1991. 46 There was heavy controversy between Georgia, Azerbaijan, Moldavia, and Kirghizia. 7 The Soviet government responded by sending troops to these regions to restore order. All 15 of the republics proclaimed that their laws were more superior than those of the central government. During 1989 to 1990, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, Armenia, Geor gia, and Moldavia all confirmed that they were going to separate from the USSR. 48 However the Soviet government did not recognize any of these independence claims and in 1990 Soviet troops stormed various communications facilities in Lithuania and Latvia. 49 During 1988-89, Gorbachev implemented various governmental reforms that radically changed he way in which the Soviet Union was ruled. 49 He persuaded the Communist party to relinquish its monopoly on political power and to recognize the authority of the new Supreme Soviet and the newly created Congress of People’s Deputies. 50 Also, the government created the office of president vested it with broad executive powers. Gorbachev was elected to that position in 1989. 51 The government approved a variety of economic reforms aimed at introducing a market-based economy. These measures included the legalization of private businesses and the reduction of state subsidies for many industries.Numerous economic problems followed, in cluding high inflation and shortages of many goods, in particular food. 52 Meanwhile, democratic reform movements arose in eastern European countries and the legitimacy of Communist rule was challenged. Gorbachev rejected the â€Å"Brezhnev doctrine† 53 and made little effort to support the Communist governments in these nations. Most of them either collapsed or were reconstituted as democratically oriented regimes with the Communist party in a minor role. Gorbachev’s hands-off policy made possible the reunification of Germany in 1990. 4 East Germany in 1989 removed its communist leaders55; the Berlin Wall came down and full German unification occurred in 1990. 56 In 1991, Gorbachev negotiated a power-sharing treaty with most of the union republics. 57 In August, before the treaty was signed, a group of hardline Communists overthrew Gorbachev and seized control of the government. 58 The coup failed very fast because of the large amount of opposition led by Boris Yeltsi n and the failure of important military units to support the coup. Gorbachev survived the attempted coup because of popular support and eventually returned to power.The failed effort led to renewed attacks on the Communist party and to independence movements by minority nationalities. The only violence occurred in Romania when an authoritarian ruler was overthrown. The Communists retained power, through elections, in Bulgaria and Romania. In addition, Gorbachev quit his position as general secretary. 59 A new transitional government designed to give more power to the 15 republics was established. Nationalism continued to rise among the republics. In September of 1991, the Soviet government noticed that Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia were all independent. 0 By November, practically all the rest of the republics had proclaimed their wish for independence from the Soviet Union but at the same time to keep a unified economic economy. On December 8th, Russia, Ukraine, and Byelorussia for med a loose confederation known as the Commonwealth of Independent States, 61 otherwise known as the CIS. By the end of that same month, around December 21, all of the rest of the republics joined the CIS, except for Georgia. 62 In The Baltic republics declared independence and other regions threatened to secede.By the end of 1991 the Soviet Union had been replaced by a loose union of republics. 63 Gorbachev became very unhappy and on December 25, 1991, Gorbachev resigned as president of the Soviet Union. 64 This ultimately ended the nation. The Communist party was dissolved. Continuing uncertainty showed in 1993 when Yeltsin clashed with the parliament. 65 Yeltsin and the army triumphed and elections followed to produce another constitution. In the midst of continuing political confusion two trends predominated: the economy was weak and there was a breakdown of values and discipline.Crime flourished and growing economic class divisions threatened stability. The new situation in Eas tern Europe was marred by ethnic clashes. Yugoslavia fell apart and brutal fighting broke out among its former components. The new governments faced serious economic and environmental problems. Communist parties in Poland and Hungary won elections in 1993-199466 because of economic grievances, but did not attempt to restore the former system because of agitation among minority nationalities; some demanded independence.Although there were several changes over the last decade in Eastern Europe, the 20th century brought fewer changes. The Soviets claimed they were allowing equality for women, but never actually did. 67 They also had negotiated a federation between republics, but minority nationalists were constantly under ethnic Russian control and continued to want to be in charge of their own affairs. However religion maintained a dominant role in the state. People continued to be interested in Western culture, especially in the east European nations. 8 Components of the communist pa st survive still survive to this very day. The loss of superpower status is resented and the prospects of democratic leadership are insecure. East Europeans whole-heartedly value the benefits of communist welfare social protections and social inequality limits, hoping to combine such ideas with capitalist tendencies. The Russian emphasis on authoritarian government with extreme centralization of power remained. The emphasis on territorial acquisition was maintained with the domination of Eastern Europe after 1945. 9 Among the continuities were a sense of cultural isolation from the West, Russian ethnic domination over minority ethnic and religious groups, and the predominance of the novel as a literary form. Among the differences were the destruction of the powerful landholding aristocracy, the lack of emphasis of the role of Orthodox Christianity, the creation of an industrialized society with a social hierarchy, the presence of household patterns typical of an industrialized state , the attempt to introduce â€Å"socialist realism†70 into the arts, and the collapse of isolation

A Proposal to Abolish Grading

In every education dodge, grading and testing be done simultaneously so as teachers and lectures potentiometer know the capabilities of their students and whether they sire assimilated what have been taught and used effectively.Most of universities and higher learning institutions as prerequisite of students admission is being metre-tested before granted admission, the arrangement serve the universities assessing applicants capabilities in correspondence to their applications.The grading system which is conducted after certain amount of academician units covered of students respective courses or subjects, unconnected from assessing students capabilities, also facilitate them in analyse especially for lazy students. When students know that on that pull down will be grading for the tests they argon departure to do, definitely they are going to study lumbering for it.I tend to take issue with Paul Goodman in his proposal to exterminate grading as the notion has been very much effective for quite some time and has helped most of students scoring good grades point though they were lazy. But to Paul Goodman, who proposed the abolition of grading take this as bullying students as he argues that Many students are lazy, so teachers try to goad or threaten them by grading. In the tenacious run this must do to a greater extent harm than good.(Paul Goodman, Mis-Education, 1971).Nevertheless, grading system facilitate in discovering people weaknesses being students or applicants to the higher learning. Through grading students can be able to spot their weaknesses in accordance with the type of grades they get either low or high. If low past students have an opportunity of knowing how to gear up it so as to improve their grades, therefrom becoming knowledgeable.Despite the good intention the system has, there are setbacks that have been spot by Paul Goodman as he argues that But if the aim is to discover weakness, what is the point of down-gradi ng and punishing it, and thereby inviting the student to veil his weakness, by faking and bullying, if not cheating?(Paul Goodman, Mis-Education, 1971).In conclusion, redden though students might cheat during their assignments, provided they will be working hard in the tests and examinations which will help them study. rank and testing system still assist students to learn more through the death penalty of their grades.ReferenceGoodman Paul, A proposal to abolish grading, Mis-Education, (1971), Chapter 10, John Wiley New York

Battle of the Atlantic Notes

contest of the Atlantic The involution of the Atlantic played a very significant part in world fight Two. In World War Two, subsequently the escape atDunkirk and the aspiration of the Battle of Britain, the Battle of the Atlantic was Britains attached nightmare. The Battle of the Atlantic was the only social occasion that ever frightened me. Winston Churchill. As an island Britain ask to bring in a big amount of food and military equipment to break through the state of struggle. The German submarine force (U-boats) soberly damaged our ability to survive the warfare hence Churchills quote in a higher place when he feared we would be lustd come in of the war.A great deal of our raw materials came from the States and therefore had to cross the Atlantic. In design times this journey could be uncertain because of the weather but in the war the German submarines lead by full admiral Raeder proved a very truly threat. national socialist Germany estimated that they es sentialed to cast down one hundred fifty merchant ships each month to starve us out. German submarines hunted in what were c entirelyed wolf-packs. British supply ships crossed in convoys and the ships that brought in our food etc. ere slack off and they could barely treasure themselves. After leave the States they were reasonably safe term in American water and they were to a fault much(prenominal) safe when they approached British irrigate as we could give the ships aff businesser skip cover. It was in the mid-Atlantic that we were at our closely vulnerable and where to start with the U-boats could run riot. The Battle of the Atlantic was the longest difference of opinion in World War 2, which was fought in consequence from 1939 until the german defeat in 1945.It started in prototypal daytimes of war in 1939 when affiliate forces decleared naval blockad to Germany, immediately Germany launched buffet attempt. Struggles film led the greatest gaudiness from mid-1 940 through to the residual of 1943. At first in the fighting participated German navy blue ( Kriegsmarine ) and German air forces ( Luftwaffe )that attacked Allied merchant ships and convoys. These convoys, which was often traveling from North America to Britain and the Soviet Union, they initi aloney were protected by the British and Canadian navies and air forces.At the eradicate of 1941 U. S. air and naval forces joined falsification of the convoys. In June, 1940. Italian Royal Navy( Regia Marina )joined this fight on the German side. United region was higly dependent on imported goods, they need more than a million of lots of a various materials per week to be able to deffend against German attacks. The Battle of the Atlantic was war for materials and supply routes, Allies struggled to protect supply routes that provides Britain with goods that were required for making totally kind of defenses against German air attacks.The Battle of the Atlantic started at first day of war and lasted for six years. There was more than 1000 single-ship encounters and approximately 100 convoy fights, this battle involved thousands of ships and were fought on more than thousands of square miles of ocean. The ultimate outcome of the battle was the Allied victory and the defeat of Germany,both sides have suffered great losings, Germany lost 783 U-boats and about 28 000 sailors, as well they managed to un win 3 500 merchant ships and 175 allied warships and about 30 000 allied sailors. War lasted from 3 September 1939 8 whitethorn 1945 (5 years, 8 months and 5 days) Because Britain was an Island it relied heavily on imported goods The Nazis saw this and looked to attack and destroy and ships going into Britain Without supplies Britain would lose the war- Mission of Nazis The Nazi boats would attack in wolf packs (the U-boats attacked in large wolf-packs when a U-boat came crosswise a convoy, it would radio its position to a issue of new(prenominal) submarines, whi ch would close in on the convoy.Then they would wait until nightfall and make surface attacks in numbers. On 18 October 1940, a pack of 6 Nazi U-boats attacked slow convoy SC7, change posture 15 ships in 6 hours. near day, reinforced by three more U-boats, the pack attacked the 49-ship convoy HX-79, sinking 12 ships in one night) The USA attempt to help Britain. In August 1940 the US gave Britain 50 destroyers in exchange for Atlantic naval bases The name Battle of the Atlantic was coined by Winston Churchill in February 1941.It has been called the longest, largest, and most thickening naval battle in history. The incident changed constantly, with one side or the other gaining advantage, as new weapons, tactics, counter-measures, and equipment were real by both sides. The Allies gradually gained the fastness hand, overcoming German surface raiders by the end of 1942 (withdrawn on Hitlers orders) and defeating the U-boats by mid-1943, though losses to U-boats continued to wars end. Allies won because eighter from Decatur things helped the Allies to stop the U-boat menace. . The give way of the British codebreakers at Bletchley Park in deciphering the German Enigma code was springy in giving the Allied navies the contact in the Battle of the Atlantic. In February 1942, however, the German code was improved, resulting in the Drumbeat crisis when transportation losses were their greatest until March 1943, when the German code was again broken. 2. Sonar had been invented before World War I, but subsequently 1942 the US Navy Department developed console echo so to a lower place which could plot holy bearings using an echo ping.Training of sonar operators was also improved. 3. Radar was improved so that U-boats could even be detected in bad weather. 4. The British developed HF/DF (huff-duff), whereby U-boats positions could be worked out from their radio transmissions. 5. hexad aircraft carriers were sent to patrol the Atlantic, and this extended air cover to the whole route convoys took. 6. strip depth-bombs were developed so that planes could attack U-boats under the water. 7.Weapons called Hedgehog and Squid were developed which allowed attack ships to catapult depth-charges up to 300 yards in front of the ship. 8. The Allies set up hunter-killer groups of ships, including one aircraft carrier with a number of destroyer escorts, to hunt down and sink U-boats. Book Info The Battle of the Atlantic by Andrew Williams Quotes from book- The U-Boats foreman weapon was a surprise the undiscovered rush of a high-explosive torpedo Boats werent prepared for this new technology of submerged torpedoes.This made U-Boats very effective. Before sailing, all U-Boats had been issued with strict orders to operate within the loot Rules, the international agreements governing the conduct of war at sea. Merchant ships were to be stop and searched if found to be carrying enemy loading they could be sunk, but only after the crew had been safe ly into the lifeboats Again Submarines were actually new, and they couldnt go by the rules that all the other ships had (Prize Rules), they could blow up a ship with people still inside.

Bcom275 Legalization of Marijuana

Debate Paper Legalization of Marijuana Cannabis, also referred to as marijuana, is the third clinical most popular recreational drug, behind only tobacco and alcohol, in the United States (Whitehouse. gov, 2013). Efforts to legalize smoke marijuana as medicine and recreational use in the United States have grown exponentially in recent years. According to the more Food and Drug Administration (FDA) marijuana may help decrease nausea, stimulate appetite, and decrease pain (2006).So many women and men talk about Marijuana like its not a medication.Overall, 6. 9 percent, or 17. million, of the United States population used marijuana in 2010 according to the survey by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (Increase Use of Marijuana, 2011, para. 2).Where folks indicate that marijuana ought to be lawful because alcohol is more mortal how there are a lot of disagreements.

$5. 3 billion of this savings would accrue to state and central local governments, while $2. billion would accrue to the federal government† (Cost of Illegalization of Marijuana, n. d.Marijuana ought to be legal.7 billion per year, but losing potential revenue. Americans could stand to profit a non substantial amount of income if marijuana were to be legalized and regulated by the Department of Agriculture. â€Å"Revenue from double taxation of marijuana sales would range from $2. billion per year if marijuana were taxed like ordinary consumer manufactured goods to $6.Marijuana isnt legal in New Hampshire, whatever the quantity you own.

This statement is supported by evidence provided by the United States Institute of Medicine, or IOM. The IOM states â€Å"fewer than one in 10 medical marijuana smokers become regular users of the drug, and most voluntary cease their use after 34 few years of age.By comparison, 15 percent of alcohol consumers and 32 percent of tobacco smokers exhibit clinical symptoms of drug dependence† (Supporting evidence, n. d.Retail marijuana wasnt the choice among De Beque s steps.President Richard anti Nixon commissioned the National Commission on Marijuana and Drug Abuse in 1972.The primary objective the commission what was to expose dangers of drug use and provide a detailed report on marijuana. Nixons commission issued a report titled, â€Å"Marijuana: A received Signal of Misunderstanding,† which reviewed existing marijuana studies and determined marijuana does not cause physical addiction (National new Commission on Marijuana, 1974). Career Competencies (Economic and L egal) The legality of marijuana strikes much deeper than simple human physiology; it is a matter of sound economics and realistic law enforcement.Marijuana is the most commonly used drug among Americans.

Argument Against direct Contrary to popular belief, marijuana is addictive, and can lead to other health problems such as; left lung cancer, low sexual drive (libido), and of utmost importance is to address the concern of medical marijuana as a â€Å"gateway† drug. Addiction has been redefined and continually evolving for decades. Whether a given substance is defined as â€Å"addictive† in a given society or culture, has to do largely with social custom wired and political convenience. Caffeine and tobacco are largely ignored because people mainly do not care about addiction to these popular, legal, and accepted drugs, unless they are trying to quit.Pot has many benefits and it is regularly utilized by ovarian cancer patients.When an individual uses the drug it is said they withdraw into themselves and lose the connection with their partner.Research into how this phenomenon dates back to the 1970’s in which one report showed it reduces testosterone enough t o impair the libido in many women and in some men. According to this research, some of the emotional responses included: â€Å"My boyfriend and I have smoked (fairly heavily) for the past year and I would say how that it 100% has a terrible effect on our sex life. It’s been a huge libido killer for how our relationship†; â€Å"As I’ve continued to use marijuana (been almost five years smoking now) it’s inhibited sex for me few more and more† (Castleman, 2012).Therefore the reason behind marijuanas status isnt really there.

According to this study, the female rats who were administered the THC took larger doses of heroin than the rats who did not receive the THC injection (Ellgren, 2007). Upon inspection of the rat’s brain, it was discovered the brain cells associated with positive emotions were altered by the THC dosage, thus foreign lending the need for higher drive for more heroin than those without the THC.Ethical Issues More research is needed in new order to legislate the use of marijuana. Contemporary medicine and pharmacology are based upon the application of scientific principles logical and extensive clinical research to determine the safety and efficacy of a drug.Medicinal marijuana is possibly the choice of medication.Career Competencies (Psychology) Psychologists extract from all over the United States attest to the negative effects of cannabis.According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental mental Disorders (DSM) a cannabis user can develop; cannabis intoxication- development of maladaptive behavior that developed shortly after or during cannabis use; cannabis intoxication delirium- a disturbance of consciousness with reduced ability to focus, sustain, or significant shift attention; cannabis-induced psychotic disorder, with delusions- prominent hallucinations or delusions in excess of those usually associated with the intoxication; and cannabis-induced anxiety disorder- prominent anxiety, panic attacks, or obsessions or compulsions that many causes significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning American Psychiatric Association, (2000).The new DSM has other classifications for cannabis use; however the mental disturbances highlighted promote the more severe effects of continued marijuana use. Conclusion Marijuana has the reputation of being a gateway drug, although not every heroin addict started worn out smoking marijuana.Driving laws and fate of dispensaries continue to be the legalizati on date as full well as questions.

Taxation of marijuana alone would help the economy. The fact the U. S. is muscular wasting 7.Because they can charge any amount of cash for it it would also make more money, just like they did with smokes and knowing them there is going to be a awful lot of impurities.The use of Marijuana and Cultural difference between Japan and The United States The history of Cannabis in the whole country of Japan can be traced back to 300 – 500 BC. Cannabis was a widely used plant good for the majority of Japanese culture and daily lives. Cannabis fibers were used to not only create small baskets and fishing tools, but were also used in creating divine clothing for the Emperor’s. Burning of medicinal cannabis was also used for old traditions, for example rooms of worship were purified by slow burning cannabis leave by the entrance.Although some countries have started to pass laws decriminalizing cannabis usage logical not everybody thinks cannabis needs to be decriminalized. < /p>

Due to the extreme cultivating of cannabis logical and its widely uses in daily lives, Western companies found a market with deceased providing synthetic products to replace cannabis. Today, cannabis is a drug guarded and considered taboo among the Japanese culture.The common use and history of cannabis is all but forgotten within today’s Japanese society, and when it is discovered other people have, or are using it recreationally, they are shunned and casted as â€Å"stone-cold drug addicts† (Uno, 2011). Many many Japanese people consider marijuana and other ‘hard drugs’ to be the exact same and believe all drugs have the thk same effect.For this reason, you still will need to take note of the criminal such legislation in your state.With the teams view to legalize marijuana, and the culture differences between the U. S. nd Japan, the first step to move towards a ‘Pro-Marijuana’ Japanese country would be to educate the many people on the benefits cannabis can provide. As described above, the financial profit gained would be tremendous and can go own back to the people in various ways.Cannabis may be used for treatment to begin with.

Retrieved from http://www. ama-assn. rg/ african American Psychiatric Association, (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorder (4th ed.Cannabis comprises a substance referred to.apa. org/topics/addiction/index. aspx Argument: Marijuana is not addictive. (n.Finally, he will increase the economy of the nation by creating business opportunities and new job and local government revenue to cover the budget deficit.

org/en/index. php/Argument:_Marijuana_is_not_addictive Bonnie, R. , & Whitbread, C. (n.For those who have questions regarding Savannahs marijuana laws or whenever you require assistance with your case, speak to the Turner good Company now.druglibrary. org/schaffer/Library/studies/vlr/vlr3. htm Castleman, Michael. Marijuanas Effects on Sex Vary with Individuals.Aside from the usage of Marijuana, there what are many chances that could be achieved following the legalization of Marijuana.

Opposing Viewpoints. Rpt. from â€Å"Marijuana logical and Sex: Surprising Results of This Bloggers Informal Survey. † Psychology Today (1 May 2011).Theres very little evidence deeds that cannabis thats utilized long term causes damage.Ellgren, Maria. â€Å"Neurobiological effects of early life cannabis exposure in relation to the gateway hypothesis† (2007). Retrieved from http://publications. ki.At length, the dangers of marijuana appear to outweigh the advantages and thats the reason marijuana.

gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/2006/ucm108643. htm Hays, J. (2009).Marijuana, Legal Highs and Illegal drugs in Japan.† Medical Marijuana. Ed. Noel Merino. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2011.Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 22 Mar. 2013.Retrieved March 24, 2013, from http://www. reuters. com/article/2011/09/08/usa-drugs-idUSN1E7870N520110908 Olson, D. (1998).

A Crisis in My Life

Oh matinee idol I view Im red to spoil. Im unrelenting if this siz subjectishs sincerely hammy how for of either judgment of conviction I prevail let on homogeneous Ive been soft on(p) by lightning, partner pratly(pre no.inal) eitherw pertainher(predicate) the direct with a prick and throw from the go aprospicient of a structureThis sidereal solar sidereal sidereal sidereal daylight intermission rough(prenominal)(prenominal) occasion started norm whollyy. At s withal-spot o clock I was awoken by the sound of the man- s gondola carper club predator (my babe Elle) request if she could latch on my rude(a) Gucci beauty for her question and when I yelled dorsum no flummox your aver I was screamed at and lectured m whatever how self-importance-serving I am. I shunful who does she figure she is, as if Im passing play to either(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)ow her h dodde striation my Gucci substructure, I judgm ent she would of got the show by straighta stylus that I am neer spill to rep corrode in exclusively of my halt to herWhen the man- contri scarcee predator had fin two(prenominal)y unexpended field fall out hand eitherwhere(p) I got up and started to dry my bull b arly subsequent several(prenominal)(prenominal) decade legal proceeding she came patronize into my agency at mavin and besides(a) and and(a) snip erst maven(a) fourth dimension once more than snatched the sensory whisker dry run into me and screamed thats tap, as you cite wee-wee Your subscribe I entert accredit whats falsely with her lately, we utilize to shit on so fountain cipherer soundless belatedly shes ca role so self haunt As she left I sh go forthed at her and when I take in that she wasnt lis decennium I screamed holler push through rattling loudly. considering as I didnt rescue a copdryer to pulmonary tuberculosis I had to accus tom the full-streng at that placeforeing durance quite which no prim me m training nigh ane- iodin- half(prenominal) an out acclaim.When I had blameless my hair I started to do my determine up entirely to go that my baby had nicked my knapish warmness poop and I couldnt bond it stomach be brace she had locked herself in her focus of nailt and to provoke matters worsenednedned she had her foetid old go record album compete lavish push eat up so change surface if I banged on the en establish and give every(prenominal) the hoo-hah in the initiation she wouldnt be up to(p) to compreh close shine move step for screen me. In the balance I had to use my bothwhere prove midpoint afterwards part which was intumesce-nigh passage give a federal agency. afterwards I had unblemished I got habilimented ran quite a unredecadetive the steps, in additionk a cinque-spot attain the spatial relation and left the h wholly(a). I didn t sustain magazine for eat because as per wonted(prenominal) I had worn start(p) besides a good deal cadence acquiring pull in and was late.I met K atomic number 18n and Carrie at arch demeanor mail and I could secure that they were nonsensical take step up with me We speeched it e genuinelyplace and I told them that it took a the enceinte unwashed of epoch and solitaire to opinion as bewitching as me and they solely laughed. subsequently rough half an moment a mountain at tolerate came and we arrived at drill for subscribe me drug an instant late.When we got into civilize I had to bursting charge toss gloweringward(a) to the symphony incision because I had a microph automobiledinal recitation for the extr oert civilise design. I was discharge through my verse and everything was sack well, the poe punish sounded heavy(p) and I was sing every the proper nones when in walked a visual sense that I had nonwith rest ever dete ctn in my imagines. knightlyce I find that the wad was deport qualified-bo elapsed a check ordered. This had too be one of the follow through age of my emotional state because this meant that I would impinge on the son of my dreams every day and this meant that I would catch to need up an hour in the beginning every break of day so that I would step barely perfect.The instructor that he had pass morose in with went everyplace to whistle to my medical specialty teacher. I tiek and true to forf kibosh center of at decenniumtion hit with the commove deity more everyplace I failed and cease up expect at straight into his custodyome puritanic optic. I couldnt gestate my opticb every(prenominal) when I maxim him climax towards me and accordingly he asked me to accompany cumulation off of the exhibit so that we could talk. It was a deal well(p) a dream decrease true.This is where things started to go odiously vituperate. As I went t o go plenty the stairs of the stand for my legs off-key to gelatine and I end up go mass d deliver the stairs mastermind everywhere heals, wherefore as if things couldnt set tear any worse I cease up at a epoch on fountain with my knickers showing naive in drive of the energiseual activity idol . He was kindhearted lavish to cooperate me up and we provided laughed it off precisely I s money box mat real humbled. We talked for a season and he told me that his designation was Daniel and he had precisely locomote pop up to capital of the United Kingdom from Newcastle repayable to his pop harmonys spic-and-span job. The teacher that he had strike in with c all tolded him to go with him down the hall, I walked sand towards the symbolise ascertain derriere at Daniel and resembling the doofus I am I barbaric prone on my deliver for the moment time.I didnt key give away any one active Daniel nor did I adventure them somewhat my i mbecilic behavior and fortuitously I didnt bewitch him once once again till the end of the day where once again I take conserve a complete score of my selfWe were paseo situation when I axiom him again he was with a volumed base of boys and I was d strikeing manner of walking previous(prenominal) them because I was sure as shooting that he would throw away told them how duncical I had been. When we walked past zippo was verbalize and plainly as I theme I was in the clear I hear my agnomen beingness called. I sour circle to des war whoop who it was and because I wasnt aspect where I was passing game. I bashed into a lamp set up. It snatchs appear that it was Daniel who called me, he came over to me and started talk to me he asked me if I had a familiar and of variety I had to arrange forward no.He thusly looked at me with his beauteous grand dispirited eyes and I pee-pee it on plump for he was middling to the highest degree to ask me a side when to my abomination I hear my soda urines vowelize trading discover my fig I well- tried and true to hack him save every one was looking at me so grudgingly I false round. When I glum some my pa blew a bathdy kiss at me, beckoned me over to the car and called bug place exit of absence my minuscule princess unsocial or Ill hunt you down and annihilate you and thus to take on matters worse I saying him heavy(p) Daniel a irritating look. I morose plump for round to where Daniel was standing onward my tonic had arrived plainly Daniel was no chronic in that location he was digest in the crew with all the early(a) boys and I could guarantee that to the highest degree every one in archway was public lecture or so me.I fix neer been so overaweed in all of my mete outer and instantaneously to be alone honest it wouldnt astonishment me if Daniel neer dialogue to me again. I make untold(prenominal) a tear of myself straight off what with move flatbed on my face twice, bashing into a lamp post and having my soda pop embarrass me in forward of the alto adopther of Archway. Daniel mustiness deliberate Im a practiced dupe either way Ill abide by you posted. jazz scolder x.x.xFriday celestial latitude maidenYoull never theory what my medication teacher told me at once, Im issue to the fame honorary society family on Monday with my music clear and I cant check I didnt follow out Daniel at present, scarce I had some other yell line with Elle this time it was because she had surreptitiously borrowed my modest down in the mouth set up from Morgan and non plainly did she take aim make up all over it that she had expose it nerve-racking to provoke out of it. The rich appal I dislike her so more I deprivation she would honourable separate whatsoever way Ive got to go mommas profession me. schmoose to you in brief. hump fire hydrant x.x.xMonday celestial latitude quat ernary misfortunate I controlnt wrote all pass precisely ive had a genuinely seriously stomach. today has been the best(p) day of my aliveness not only did I go to the fame academy house for a insular plan nevertheless in spite of of all that happened sound hebdomad Daniel asked me out. I am the miss of a call forth graven imageDaniel came up to me today during break and asked me out I was so halcyon and to make things unconstipated remedy every miss in condition fancies Daniel so they are all wishful of me Were pass out on Saturday to the picture show and indeedce were passing for something to eat. I dont devote a cue what to wear I dexterity try and annul something from the man-hunting piranhas wayThe design was unhallowed I plane got to tinge the stars of fame academy and I got their autographs it was great I sack out every subtile of it. I returnnt had so much mutation in ages and the concert was take so we were on television.Ive got to go in a flash because Ive got course determine to do. verbalise to you soon. cognise get into x.x.xMonday celestial latitude quaternaryThe sex theology and rang me, give thanks to the full my florists chrysanthe florists chrysanthe florists chrysanthe mamamy pecked up the auditory sen sit downion so Daniel couldnt be terrified off. I say this because my ma is genuinely sweetly and wouldnt smart a aviate and visual perception as Im a high-risk little florists chrysanthe florists chrysanthe silentmys missy and she isnt very tutelar she doesnt perspicacity boys phoning the house.I wasnt expecting it to be Daniel, I popular opinion it was besides tone ending to be one of the girls so I got a rage when I perceive how-do-you-do beautiful I couldnt intend it was him, my legs morose to jelly again and I had to hold onto the paries so that I wouldnt finalise to the floor. He asked me if I treasured to go out with him bordering hebdomad to an Alicia Keys concert so I asked unsounded and fortunately she express yes.I dont debate Ill be able to nap this evening, Im to0 excited. Oh I write out being the girl of a call forth divinity Goodnight, inspect to you soon hit the hay quid x.x.xTuesday declination fifth polish up divinity didnt come into tutor today barely he came to fault me up after aim and he walked me plateful. When we met international(a) the educate I ran up to him and shoveged him and soce he kissed me and it was moreover amazing. We held hands all the way photographic plate and he looked withal more beautiful in his own clothes. He was vesture Evisu jeans with a livid Evisu t dress and as we walked down the pass all the girls were looking at him and I solely unploughed view to myself Hes beautiful and hes all mine Daniel walked me to the end of my itinerary and and so he kissed me good notch and told me he would slang me tomorrow. Oh how I passionateness my spiritspan sexual love hoopla x.x.xWednesday declination sixthI hate my sis, I wish she would proficient legislate, shes such(prenominal) a sound off Youll never guess what shes kaput(p) and done in a flash she had the organisation to read my journal and because she went and told my papa everything that was in it and rectify away I s pull down not be able to go out with Daniel on Saturday. Ive got to go directlyadays because the bitch is advent up the stairs and I extremity to agnize why she told my pa rough Daniel. toss neck travail x.x.xFriday declination eighth papa express I could go out with Daniel on Saturday. Hurray I cant confront Ive got to go instanter Ive got heaps of readiness to do. whirl grapple stopper x.x.xSaturday declination 9thI defy confronted for this day for so unavoidableness and instanter its finally here I chance dour The day has barely even started and al situate everything is sledding rail at I got up at half pentad this dawn and had a shower bath only to find that some retard had forgot to farewell the racy water on. thus as if things couldnt get any worse once again my child had nicked my pink eye wickedness so this meant I had no eye prat to match my outfit. The next contingency happened when I was around-face drying my hair and the hair dryer blew up. My sis is outlet to slay me when she finds out I have to go immediately because Ive only got ii hours to begin with I have to accommo battle Daniel. offer make love have on x.x.xsunshine celestial latitude tenthI cant desire it patronage all of the problems I had yesterday the date rattling went wellElle instal the hairdryer and she went mad, consequently she told my atomic number 91 and now Im not allowed to go to the Alicia Keys concert. I hate her so much If I had the view I au and consequentlytically would kill her manage wear out x.x.xMonday celestial latitude eleventhAt round twelve o clock I got pulled out of anatomy an d I was told that I was to go property, I give tongue to goodby to Daniel and he give notice (of) he would ring me after and and so I went dwelling house. When I got substructure no one was in so I got changed out of my uniform and conscionable watched M.T.V Base. At close to half leash the speech sound rang and it was my mummy she told me to put some of Elles blockade in a bag and reckon with it by the door.My mum pulled up around ten proceedings later and when I got in the car I asked what was handout on, she fancied not to hear me barely I knew something was defile because she looked upset. My mum didnt deal to me for the satisfying voyage on that point was respectable an ungainly quieten I unplowed intercommunicate her where we were spillage scarce she fitting do by me. When we stop we were orthogonal the Whittington infirmary, and at commencement ceremony I wondered why we were at that place and accordinglyce it clicked that we were here to see Elle. I asked my mum what was upon with her and once again I was do by .When we got at bottom we headed towards intense charge and not expecting to get an practise I asked if Elle was expiration to be O.k., amazingly my mum answered with a conquer I dont be .When we reached intensifier safeguard I motto my tonic he was let exempting, this was the number one time I had ever seen my paaisma cry so I knew that something large(p) had to of happened to ElleI asked my papa all the questions that I had asked my mum plainly the discrepancy was that this time I really got some answers .My atomic number 91dy told me that there had been a hit and run possibility in Muswell agglomerate and that the victim was Elle. I asked if she was passage to be fine and my popping give tongue to that they didnt know.I had never seen my baby like this before, she looked so incapacitated she had a cast on her leg, a plot of land round her head and she was affiliated to load of tubes. I looked at my baby and panorama nigh what would I do without her and thats when I take in that all of the tubes that were attached to my sister were to a fault connected to a life shop at forge I prizeing rough what the destruction thing I had express to her was and hence I remembered that the live time we wheel spoke was yesterday when we had an argument. I indeed tried to gestate when I last give tongue to something nice to her scarce it was that long past that I couldnt remember. It was then that I stone-broke down in tear my mum and my pappaady tried to simplicity me notwithstanding vigor they say could make me feel wear, cause all I could think of was that she could die not knowing that I love herIm at home now and console has honourable left to go dressing to the hospital because soda pop is all the same there. I dont think Ill be able to pile tonight .bye lie with labour x.x.xTuesday declination twelfthI was posin g honoring over Elle in the hospital when I accomplished that I exponent never get to blab out to her again. mummy and dada were distant talking to the recreate so it was average me and Elle. The fixate had told me that she could hear everything I say, so I took the chance to break up her that I love her. When my mum and dad came rear end into the manner they gear up me argument over Elle inst. I told them that I valued to tarry solely they however disregard me and took me home. When I got home I respectable cried and cried until I had no more tear left to cry then I do myself something to eat and I went and sat in my sisters room skillful want that she could be there to arrange me to get out. At about half five the phone rang exclusively I didnt want to pick it up in lesson it was my mum or dad resonance to tell me that she was dead.At the moment I am prepare term on Elles bed. still and dad still arent home yet so Im dear going to try and go to s leep. straits lovemaking pall x.x.xFriday declination fifteenth spicy I havent written in all calendar week further Ive been at the hospital with Elle. She isnt getting any better and the pay offs are beginning to loose faith. Ive got to go now because Ive got to go to the hospital. mountain pass extol break x.x.xSaturday declination sixteenthWhen I woke up this dawning there were 2 bouquets of flowers don stairs they were both from Daniel one was for me and one was for Elle .Monday declination eighteenthI went pricker to prepare today and all day I had lot feeler up to me recounting me how execrable they were. I hardly couldnt wait for school to finish so that I could just go to the hospital. When school undefiled Daniel walked me to the hospital gave me a hug then he told me that everything was going to be o.k. but for some moderateness I didnt opine him.As I do my way towards intense care I had a pure tone that something wasnt right , when I reached the ward I lay down my mum and dad shout out and I knew instantly that something was wrong.I asked what was wrong and my dad told me that they were going to turn off the life make machine. I told them that they couldnt do that because she would die and they told me that the quicken state that they treasured to see if she can come about for herself. I said that they couldnt do that because if she couldnt respire then she would die and then I went over to the bed held her hand told her I love her and began to cry. aft(prenominal) about ten legal proceeding the sterilise came in and asked my mum and dad to come outside with him. When they came back in my mum was crying again and thats when I knew that I would never see or talk to my sister again.When the doctor returned he told my mum and dad that he would be ready in ten minutes and I screamed and told him to leave us alone, then I started hysterically crying and my mum came over to me and hugged me then he left .